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Leaves small, mostly under 3cm long; usually with black dots visible with a lens covering them.

Gratiola

Leaves small, mostly under 3cm long; usually with black dots visible with a lens covering them.

"…a fleshy fruit containing several large jet-black seeds partly embedded in a white spongy aril.."-Whitney, 1902

Akee fruit

"…a fleshy fruit containing several large jet-black seeds partly embedded in a white spongy aril.."-Whitney,…

In 1859, John Brown collected a small body of men, white and black, in the mountains of Maryland. He made a sudden attack upon Harper's Ferry, where there was a United States arsenal, which he seized and held for a few hours. The attack was a direct assault upon slavery. Brown had resolved to carry the war into what he regarded as the enemy's country, and he expected to see the slaves flock to his standard. There were few at the North who knew of his purpose; and the country, North and South, was amazed at the act. John Brown was wounded and taken prisoner; some of his associates were killed, and some were taken with him. He was tried by the State of Virginia, sentenced, and hanged. His action was generally condemned by the people, but many declared him a martyr to freedom, and accused slavery of provoking him to the deed. His act, moreover, deepened the feeling of the South that the North was in a hostile attitiude; and public opinion at the South held the North responsible for Brown's movement."—Scudder, 1897

John Brown

In 1859, John Brown collected a small body of men, white and black, in the mountains of Maryland. He…

"They are all of medium size, more or less oblong-oval in form, and mostly bronze-colored, rarely brown or black with a greenish tinge."-Whitney, 1902

Ground Beetle

"They are all of medium size, more or less oblong-oval in form, and mostly bronze-colored, rarely brown…

"George Armstrong Custer, a brilliant cavalry officer, was born at New Rumley, Ohio, December 5, 1839. He graduated at West Point, in 1861, and at once engaged in active service, being in the Bull Run battle. Throughout the war, it is said he never lost a gun or a flag, and captured more guns, flags and prisoners than any other officer not commanding an army. After the war he served on the frontier, and it was largely his reports of the fertility and mineral wealth of the Black Hills that stimulated the movement of population in that direction."—Scudder, 1897

George Armstrong Custer

"George Armstrong Custer, a brilliant cavalry officer, was born at New Rumley, Ohio, December 5, 1839.…

"Smallish insects, generally of a black color, with the elytra rather shorter than the body, which is usually of a square form." — Goodrich, 1859

Four-Spotted Beetle

"Smallish insects, generally of a black color, with the elytra rather shorter than the body, which is…

"The <em>Elater striatus</em> of Caenne, is an inch long, of a black color, and striped upon the back." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Click Beetle

"The Elater striatus of Caenne, is an inch long, of a black color, and striped upon the back."…

"Found in South Ameica, is a very large species, nearly two inches long; it is black, and lives on the sago-palm." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Palm Weevil

"Found in South Ameica, is a very large species, nearly two inches long; it is black, and lives on the…

"The Sybil Butterfly, <em>P. Sybilla</em>, sometimes called the <em>Mourning Butterfly</em>, is a common European species, flying in the dog-days, the upper part of the wings of a brownish-black, with a white band across the middle; beneath they are of an ashy-blue, with black spots." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sybil Butterfly

"The Sybil Butterfly, P. Sybilla, sometimes called the Mourning Butterfly, is a common…

"The Priam butterfly, <em>Papilio priamus</em>, is a native of the Eastern Archipelago; its wings are from seven to eight inches in extent, and are colored with rich green and deep black." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Priam Butterfly

"The Priam butterfly, Papilio priamus, is a native of the Eastern Archipelago; its wings are…

"The Apollo butterfly, <em>P. Apollo</em>, is found in the damp meadows of the high Alps; the wings are whitish, wth five black spots on each of the superior ones; on the inferior are two sparkling eye-like figures, bordered with black. It flies in June and July. Thus even wild mountain regions, as well as those of the florid tropics, are embellished by this beautiful family." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Apollo Butterfly

"The Apollo butterfly, P. Apollo, is found in the damp meadows of the high Alps; the wings…

"The Galatea Butterfly, <em>P. Galatea</em>, A Euoprean species, called <em>The Half-Mourning Butterfly</em>, has the wings slightly denticulated; they are of a brownish-yellow, with the base and extremities black, and spotted with white." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Half-Mourning Butterfly

"The Galatea Butterfly, P. Galatea, A Euoprean species, called The Half-Mourning Butterfly,…

"The Peacock-butterfly, <em>V. Io</em>, has the edges of the wings denticulated; above they are of a reddish-fawn, with a large eye-spot on each; those on the superior wings are red, encircled, with mingled black and yellow; those o nthe inferior ones are blue, with a black circle. It is a splendid European species, inhabiting woods, meadows, and gardens in October." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Peacock Butterfly

"The Peacock-butterfly, V. Io, has the edges of the wings denticulated; above they are of a…

"The Troilus Butterfly, <em>Papilio Troilus</em>, is a superb insect, the wings denticulated, black, spotted with yellow, and terminated by a swallow-tail. It lives on spice-wood and sassafras-trees; is rare in the Northern States; common in the Southern, and in the West Indies." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Troilus Butterfly

"The Troilus Butterfly, Papilio Troilus, is a superb insect, the wings denticulated, black,…

"The Zigzag, <em>Bombyx dispar</em>, has a short trunk or tube, not suited for suction; the male is much smaller than the female; his superior wings being bown with black zigzag figures. The female is whitish with black spots on her wings. This is a European species which sometimes does immense damage to the fruit-trees." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Zigzag

"The Zigzag, Bombyx dispar, has a short trunk or tube, not suited for suction; the male is…

"The <em>Phrygania striata</em> is over an inch long, of a fawn-color, with the exception of the eyes, which are black." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Great Red Sedge and Larva

"The Phrygania striata is over an inch long, of a fawn-color, with the exception of the eyes,…

"Blattina includes the <em>Cockroaches</em>, the most noted species of which, the Black beetle or Common Cockroach, <em>Blatta Orientalis</em>, often swarms to such an extent in houses as to be complete nuisance." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common Cockroach

"Blattina includes the Cockroaches, the most noted species of which, the Black beetle or Common…

"The Canada Goose is an American wild goose 30 to 35 inches long, brownish above, lighter below, head, neck, bill and feet black, a white patch on the cheek; breeds in the N. of the continent and migrates S. when the frost becomes severe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Canada Goose

"The Canada Goose is an American wild goose 30 to 35 inches long, brownish above, lighter below, head,…

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed, but probably arose in India 5,000 years ago, and thence spread through Persia and Arabia, to Europe and America. The game has undergone many modifications during its diffusion throughout the world, but retains marked traces of its Oriental origin. The game is played by two persons on a board which consists of 64 squares, arranged in 8 rows of 8 squares each, alternately black and white. Each player has two sets of pieces of opposite colors of 16 men each, and of various powers, according to their rank."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chess Board

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed,…

"Areng. It yields a black bristly fiber resembling horse hair, which makes excellent cordage, and is known as gonuto or gonuti fiber."-Whitney, 1902

Arenga

"Areng. It yields a black bristly fiber resembling horse hair, which makes excellent cordage, and is…

"Conger is a large sea-eel, 5, 6, or, in rare cases, even 10 feet long. Its upper parts are brownish-white, and the lower dirty-white; the lateral line spotted with white, the dorsal and anal fins white margined with black. A smaller species is found in the Mediterranean."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Conger Eel

"Conger is a large sea-eel, 5, 6, or, in rare cases, even 10 feet long. Its upper parts are brownish-white,…

"The Dugong is an herbivorous mammal, belonging to the Manatees. It ranges from 10 to 20 feet in length. The color is a slaty-brown or bluish-black above and whitish below. They yield a clear oil of the best quality, free from all objectionable smell."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Dugong

"The Dugong is an herbivorous mammal, belonging to the Manatees. It ranges from 10 to 20 feet in length.…

"The Emperor Moth, the general color greyish, with white hairs and purple tinges; wings with a hinder white band. Two white-purplish and dark-brown transverse stripes and an ocellus on each wing. Expansion of wings in the female occasionally three inches, but in the male only two and a half. The caterpillar feeds on the common ling or heath, on the black-thorn, the bramble, etc."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Emperor Moth

"The Emperor Moth, the general color greyish, with white hairs and purple tinges; wings with a hinder…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"Grouse, in ornithology, are various game-birds, specially the black grouse, and the red grouse. The male of the former is called the black cock, and the female the gray hen. The red, called also the common grouse, inhabits moors, feeding on the young shoots of the heath."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Ruffed Grouse

"Grouse, in ornithology, are various game-birds, specially the black grouse, and the red grouse. The…

"Hedgehog is a quadruped distinguished by having the body covered with spines instead of hair. The skin of the back is provided with a great orbicular muscle which enables the animal to roll itself up in the form of a ball. The tail is very short. There are several species&mdash;some authorities enumerate 14. The best known is the common hedgehog. This species has a long nose, the nostrils bordered on each side by a loose flap; the hind feet have five toes; the ears are short, rounded, naked and dusky; the upper part of the face, sides, and rump covered with strong, coarse hair, of a yellowish ash color, the back with sharp strong spines of a whitish tint with a bar of black through their middle. They are usually abot 10 inches long, the tail about one. Their usual residence is in small thickets, and they feed on fallen fruits, roots, and insects; they are also fond of flesh, either raw or roasted. The hedgehog defends himself from the attacks of other animals by rolling himself up, and thus exposing no part of his body that is not furnished with a defense of spines. It may be rendered domestic to a certain degree, and has been employed to destroy cockroaches which it pursues with avidity. In the winter the hedgehog wraps itself in a warm nest, composed of moss, dried hay and leaves, and remains torpid till spring."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hedgehog

"Hedgehog is a quadruped distinguished by having the body covered with spines instead of hair. The skin…

"The Toucan, in ornithology, is the popular name of any bird of the genus Rhamphastos. They are all natives of tropical America, and are easily distinguished by their enormous bill, irregularly toothed along the margin of the mandibles. In the true toucans the ground color of the plumage is generally black; the throat, breast, and rump adorned with white, yellow, and red; the body is short and thick; tail rounded or even, varying in length in the different species, and capable of being turned up over the back when the bird goes to roost."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Toucan

"The Toucan, in ornithology, is the popular name of any bird of the genus Rhamphastos. They are all…

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers. In winter the turnstone is found on the seashore all over the world, being probably the most cosmopolitan of all birds. It derives its name from its habit of turning over stones with its bill in search of its food, which consists of small crustaceans and mollusks. The common turnstone is nine inches in length, and is handsomely marked with black, white, and chestnut; the last-named color is reduced in autumn, when the plumage becomes duller; the legs and feet are orange."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Turnstone

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and…

"The Umbrella Bird is a native of Peru. It is about the size of a crow, with deep black plumage; the head is adorned with a large spreading crest, which arises from a contractile skin, and capable of being erected at will; the shafts of the crest-feathers are white, and the plumes glossy blue, hair-like and curved outward at the tips. When the crest is laid back the shafts form a compact white mass, sloping up from the back of the head; when it is erected the shafts radiate on all sides from the top of the head, reaching in front beyond and below the beak, which is thus completely concealed from view. A long cylindrical plume hangs down from the middle of the neck; the feathers of the plume lap over each other like scales, and are bordered with metallic blue. Umbrella birds associate in small flocks, and live almost entirely upon fruits. Their cry, which resembles the lowing of a cow, is most frequently heard just before sunrise and after sunset."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Umbrellabird

"The Umbrella Bird is a native of Peru. It is about the size of a crow, with deep black plumage; the…

"The Wanderoo, or Wanderu, is the Macacus silenus, from the S. of Hindustan, especially the country bordering the Malabar coast. It is about 2 feet in length, tail 10 to 12 inches. The Wanderoos have long, slim bodies, covered with black hair, tail of the same color, tufted. The head looks very large because of a mane, or ruff, and beard which sticks out round the face. This mass of long hair is either gray or white, and adds to the sly look of the broad face, soft dull eyes, and broad muzzle."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wanderoo

"The Wanderoo, or Wanderu, is the Macacus silenus, from the S. of Hindustan, especially the country…

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes are heard in wood, and hedge, and orchard, many of which commonly receive other popular names, as the blackcap, nightingale, hedgesparrow, redbreast, redstart, stonechat, wheatear, whitethroat, etc., while many receive the name warbler with some adjunct&ndash; reed warbler, etc. The more typical genera comprise birds of small size and plain plumage, usually alike in both sexes; most of them are migratory, going a long way S. of their breeding haunts to winter. Numerous species of warblers are found in North America, as suburban and country residents know, when the sunshine of May ushers in the summertime. They are birds of brighter plumage than the Old World warblers, but resemble them in their habits, and are also migrants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Reed Warbler

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes…

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes are heard in wood, and hedge, and orchard, many of which commonly receive other popular names, as the blackcap, nightingale, hedgesparrow, redbreast, redstart, stonechat, wheatear, whitethroat, etc., while many receive the name warbler with some adjunct&ndash; reed warbler, etc. The more typical genera comprise birds of small size and plain plumage, usually alike in both sexes; most of them are migratory, going a long way S. of their breeding haunts to winter. Numerous species of warblers are found in North America, as suburban and country residents know, when the sunshine of May ushers in the summertime. They are birds of brighter plumage than the Old World warblers, but resemble them in their habits, and are also migrants."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Nest of Reed Warbler

"Warbler is a popular name often applied to well-known singing birds of northern climes, whose notes…

"Wigeon is one of the most popular birds with the American sportsman. Length about eighteen inches; the male has the forehead and top of head white, cheeks and hinged part of the neck reddish-chestnut, upper parts grayish-white, irregularly zigzagged with black, wing coverts white tipped with black, primaries dark brown, speculum green, edged with black; throat rufous, breast and belly white; the female has sober plumage of various shades of brown. The wigeon is one of the commonest ducks of the extreme N. of Europe, frequenting grassy swamps, lakes, and rivers, and feeding in the daytime, chiefly on aquatic vegetation. The American wigeon is larger than the European or common wigeon, and has the upper parts finely waved transversely with black and reddish-brown, top of head and under parts white. It breeds chiefly in the N. parts of America and is common in winter on the coasts of the United States and in the rice fields. The flesh of both species is esteemed for the table, and they are hunted both for food and for sport."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wigeon

"Wigeon is one of the most popular birds with the American sportsman. Length about eighteen inches;…

"Yak is a species of ox from the mountainous regions of Tibet. There are two races: the wild yak, generally black, which is found near the snow line, descending into the valleys in winter, and a domesticated race of various colors, black and white being most common. The yak is about the size of the common ox, to which it has a general resemblance, but it is covered with a thick coat of long, silky hair, hanging down like the fleece of a sheep, completely investing the tail, and forming a lengthy fringe along the shoulders, flanks, and thighs. This fringe, which exists in both races, was apparently developed as a protection to the animal, as the long hair forms a sort of mat which defends the body from the effects of the cold when the animal is reposing in the snow. The domesticated race is of great importance to the natives of Tibet. The yak is employed as a beast of burden, but never for tillage or draught; the milk is very rich, and yields excellent butter; the flesh is of the finest quality, and that of the calves far superior to ordinary veal. The hair is spun into ropes, and made into coverings for tents, and the soft fur of the hump and withers is woven into a fine strong cloth. The tails, often dyed red, are made into the chowries or fly-flappers, used in India. Yaks are often seen in zoological gardens and menageries."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Yak

"Yak is a species of ox from the mountainous regions of Tibet. There are two races: the wild yak, generally…

"Hornet is the largest species of wasp found in America. The thorax is mostly black; the abdomen is yellow, with three brown points. The sting is very painful. The hornet is a very voracious insect, seizing and devouring bees and other insects, or carrying them to its nest to feed its young. The nest is commonly in some sheltered place."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hornet

"Hornet is the largest species of wasp found in America. The thorax is mostly black; the abdomen is…

"Jay is the popular name of a species of birds belonging to the crow family, of a vinous red color; the back pale gray; the rump and upper tail coverts white; the tail black or gray, with bluish-gray bars; the wing coverts light gray, in the median series light gray inclining to chestnut; the bastard wing or primary coverts barred with black or bright cobalt blue; headed with an erectile crest; forehead white, streaked with black. Length about 13 inches. It is a beautiful bird, but attacks peas and other garden crops, to which it is very destructive, especially in the vicinity of woods and forests, alnd also easts worms, larv&aelig;, and snails. It is often kept as a cage bird. The common blue jay is found over a large portion of North and South America. The green jay of the Unites States is well known."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Jay

"Jay is the popular name of a species of birds belonging to the crow family, of a vinous red color;…

"<em>A</em>, outer layer of cuticle; <em>B</em>, deeper layer of cuticle; <em>C</em>, duct of sweat gland; <em>D</em>, true skin; <em>E</em>, sublayer of true skin, with columnar cells. The blood vessels are injected to show black." — Blaisedell, 1904

Cross-Section of the Skin

"A, outer layer of cuticle; B, deeper layer of cuticle; C, duct of sweat…

"The Relative Position of the Lachrymal Apparatus, the Eyeball, and the Eyelids. <I>A</em>, lachrymal canals, with the minute orifices represented as two black dots to the right; <em>B</em>, tendon attached to a muscle which surrounds the circumference of the orbit and eyelids; under <em>B</em> is seen the lachrymal sac. The minute openings of the Meibomian glands are seen on the free margins of the eyelids. Below <em>A</em> is seen a small conical elevation, with black dots (the lachrymal papilla, or caruncle)." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Eyeball

"The Relative Position of the Lachrymal Apparatus, the Eyeball, and the Eyelids. A, lachrymal canals,…

"The Pheasant is one of the most highly prized game birds. The adult male pheasant is a beautiful bird, about three feet long. Head and neck deep steel-blue, shot with greenish-purple and brown; eye surrounded by a patch of scarlet skin, speckled with blue-black; ear-coverts brown; back a light golden-red, the feathers of the upper part tipped with velvet-black, the lower part marked with brown. Quill feathers brown, of various shades, tail feathers oaken-brown, barred with a darker shade and with black. Breast and front of the abdomen golden-red with purple reflections, feathers edged with black; rest of abdomen and under tail-coverts blackish-brown. The female has yellowish-brown plumage, and is about two feet in length. Such is the common pheasant. There are several other species."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pheasant

"The Pheasant is one of the most highly prized game birds. The adult male pheasant is a beautiful bird,…

"The Pintail Duck has the upper parts and flanks ash, with narrow stripes of black; under parts white; head umber-brown; tail pointed. It inhabits the N. of America and Europe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pintail Duck

"The Pintail Duck has the upper parts and flanks ash, with narrow stripes of black; under parts white;…

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish habits. The quills are short, and concealed among the fur, and the tail is short. The 'tree porcupine' of South America has a prehensile tail, about 10 inches long. The porcupine of Southern Europe and Africa is about 28 inches long, exclusive of the tail. The head, fore quarters, and under surface are clothed with short spines, intermixed with hairs, crest on head and neck, hind quarters covered with long sharp spines, ringed with black and white, and erectile at will. They are but loosely attached to the skin and readily fall out, a circumstance which probably gave rise to the belief that the animal was able to project them at an enemy."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Prehensile Tailed Porcupine

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish…

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish habits. The quills are short, and concealed among the fur, and the tail is short. The 'tree porcupine' of South America has a prehensile tail, about 10 inches long. The porcupine of Southern Europe and Africa is about 28 inches long, exclusive of the tail. The head, fore quarters, and under surface are clothed with short spines, intermixed with hairs, crest on head and neck, hind quarters covered with long sharp spines, ringed with black and white, and erectile at will. They are but loosely attached to the skin and readily fall out, a circumstance which probably gave rise to the belief that the animal was able to project them at an enemy."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hystrix Crystata Porcupine

"The Porcupine is a rodent quadruped. The North American porcupine is about two feet long, and of sluggish…

"A term applicable to any black colouring substance, for whatever purpose it may be used, like the melan of the Greeks. There were, however, thress principal kinds of atramentum: one called librarium or scriptorium, writing-ink; another called sutorium, which was used by the showmakers for dyeing leather; the third tectorium or pictorium, which was used by painters for some purposes, apparently as a sort of varnish. The inks of the ancients seem to have been more durable than our own; they were thicker and more unctuous, in substance and durability more resembling the ink now used by printers. An inkstand was discovered at Herculaneum, containing ink as thick as oil, and still usable rfor writing. The following cur represents inkstands found at Pompeii." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Atramentum

"A term applicable to any black colouring substance, for whatever purpose it may be used, like the melan…

"The Sand Lizard is a common European lizard, about seven inches long, of which the tail is four. Usual color, sandy-brown, with obscure longitudinal bands of a darker hue, line of round black spots on side. The female lays 12 to 14 eggs in the sand, covers them, and leaves them to be hatched by solar heat."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sand Lizard

"The Sand Lizard is a common European lizard, about seven inches long, of which the tail is four. Usual…

"The Seal, of the family Phocid&aelig;, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals, those which display the most complete adaptation to residence in the water. The seal has considerable resemblance to a quadruped in some respects, and to a fish in others. The head is round, and the nose, which is broad, resembles that of a dog, with the same look of intelligence and mild and expressive physiognomy. It has large whiskers, oblong nostrils, and great black sparkling eyes. It has no external ears, but a valve exists in the orifices, which can be closed at will, so as to keep out the water; the nostrils have a similar valve; and the clothing of the body consists of stiff glossy hairs, very closely set against the skin. The body is elongated and conical, gradually tapering from the shoulders to the tail. The spine is provided with strong muscles, which bend it with considerable force; and this movement is of great assistance to the propulsion of the body."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hooded Seal

"The Seal, of the family Phocidæ, or seal tribe, are, of all four-limbed mammiferous animals,…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere. These crystals arise from the congelation of the minute vesicles which constitute the clouds, when the temperature of the latter is below zero. They are more regular when formed in a calm atmosphere. Their form may be investigated by collecting them on a black surface, and viewing them through a strong lens. The regularity, and at the same time variety, of their forms, are truly beautiful."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snow Crystals

"Snow is water solidified in stellate crystals, variously modified, and floating in the atmosphere.…

"Spider Fly is a genus of dipterous insects, chiefly allied to the forest fly. The insects are parasitical on birds, never on quadrupeds. One species frequently infests the common fowl, the black-cock, and other birds. It is greenish-yellow, with smoke-colored wings."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Spider Fly

"Spider Fly is a genus of dipterous insects, chiefly allied to the forest fly. The insects are parasitical…